The Best Dog DNA Tests (Review) in 2019

Whether you want to find out your dog’s potential risks for developing genetic diseases, create a better health plan for their future, or simply understand their personality better, a dog DNA test can help. By discovering what breed your dog is, you can gain insight into their genetic makeup, and as a result, make their life healthier and happier. Besides the fun part (what breeds make up your dog), a detailed DNA test can also show you if you need to look for early warning signs of certain genetic diseases so you can take precautionary measures. In essence, a canine DNA test is comparable to a human DNA test – it can tell you all about your dog’s origin and heritage, plus provide highly valuable health screenings. And similarly to human DNA tests, canine DNA tests - at least the comprehensive and highly accurate ones - come at a high price. To help you get the best deal for your money, we’ve prepared this buying guide. Here, we cover everything you need to know about canine DNA tests, including exactly what they are, how they work and things you should look for when purchasing a kit.

What is a Dog DNA Test?

A DNA test for dogs is a genetic screening test that can reveal useful information about a dog’s genetic makeup, family history, risks of developing certain diseases, even personality traits. For rescue pet parents and owners of mutts, these tools are extremely valuable as they can help in creating a better health plan, plus aid in dog training. But even if your dog is not a mixed breed but a pure one, you can still benefit from genetic testing. A detailed pet DNA test can show if your dog has a genetic predisposition for certain diseases and offer you a way to react early on and look for treatment, as you’ll be able to recognize the early signs.

DNA tests are a great way to get to know your dog too. And no, we don’t mean just their habits, likes and dislikes (we know you already know that!), but their true self – their genetic makeup. After all, the breeds that make up the biology of your dog play a vital part in who they are, including their appearance, behavior and health. Although some people may tell you that DNA tests for dogs are really all about the owners and satisfying their curiosity about the pets they own, there’s no denying they’re much more than that (although to be fair, they do help satisfy our curiosity too!). DNA tests are first and foremost useful – by discovering the breeds that make up the biology of your dog, you’ll be able to treat them better, feed them healthier and even prevent certain health problems from developing into something serious.

Blood vs Swab DNA Test

We mentioned that dog breed testing is similar to human DNA testing. Both tests provide information about our ancestry and many also offer insight into our health and risks for developing certain illnesses. Similarly, both tests can be done via blood samples or cheek swabs. But which is better? Unsurprisingly, the results from both swab and blood samples are exactly the same. The only difference? How the samples are collected and processed.

• Cheek Swabs: quick and easy, a cheek swab sample requires you to swab the inside of your dog’s cheek and mail it. Noninvasive and simple, this is the preferred method for collecting doggie DNA as it’s perfectly comfortable for both the animal and the owner. Unlike the blood sample which needs to be done at a veterinarian’s office, a cheek swab can be collected at the comfort of your own home. On the negative side though, if you’re not careful with choosing a reliable DNA test, you may end up with inaccurate results.
• Blood samples: collected by inserting a needle into your pup’s vein and drawing blood, the blood sample is, needless to say, pretty uncomfortable for most dogs. Considering the results are pretty much the same as those obtained from cheek swabs, this method of DNA collecting is not popular among pet parents. That being said, blood tests do yield larger amounts of DNA, which – at least in theory – should make them more accurate than cheek swabs.

How Does Dog DNA Testing Work?

There’s no doubt that genetic testing provides useful information about our pets. It reveals breeds that make our dogs who they are, shows whether they’re at risk of developing certain genetic diseases and provides insight into their personality traits. But how do DNA test do this?

Whether you opt for a cheek swab or a blood sample, the process of analyzing the DNA is the same: a lab will extract the DNA from the sample and then genotype it. What this means is that the genetic markers found in the sample will be compared with markers of other dogs in the database that the lab is using. To be more precise, since the genome of a dog contains about 2.5 billion building blocks of DNA - also known as the nucleotides -the researchers will focus only on some of these genes,or rather, the repeating sequences of DNA called SNPs that form signatures that are particular to various breeds. That’s why it’s important to choose labs that work with big databases  - the bigger the database, the more SNPs from purebred representatives of each breed the researchers have to compare to your dog’s SNPs. In essence, the bigger the database, the more likely the results are to be highly accurate.

Benefits of DNA Testing for Dogs

There are many reasons why people would like to have their respective pets DNA tested. Like humans, there are a lot of information that can be obtained just by looking at the unique arrangement and sequencing of nucleic acids in the DNA of any organism. Having the DNA of our dogs tested actually gives us the power to better care for them. This is essentially the gist of such tests. Here are some of the more popular benefits of DNA testing for dogs.

• Facilitates understanding of the various health risks that your pet may genetically have

One of the most important reasons why dog owners would love to have their pets DNA tested is for them to get an idea of the various diseases that their beloved pets may be genetically predisposed to. While most genetic test kits today only look at a pet’s breed makeup to make careful calculations as to the risk of developing a particular disease or health condition in the future, these are not really definitive. These are often interpreted from analyses made comparing and cross-referencing a dog’s breed makeup with existing and known healthcare conditions for that breed. Using inferential statistics, they can deduce the percentage of chance that a particular health condition might present itself in the future. Sadly, these are just very educated guesses or inferences.

More advanced kits, on the other hand, employ a variety of tests that try to check for specific genetic mutations. For example, it is now known that progressive retinal atrophy is actually a very common genetic anomaly that affects more than a hundred dog breeds. However, it has also been shown that some breeds are more susceptible to such a genetic mutation. Another example is the defective multi-drug resistance gene that has been ascertained to be common in Collies and Shepherds. Knowing all these simply means you’re better prepared of any eventuality.

• Helps in customizing a more comprehensive health program for your pet

By providing you with a comprehensive report on what genetic mutations may be present in your pet, you can then make the necessary preparations and arrangements with your veterinarian regarding its care. More importantly, this gives you more than enough reason to customize your program for your pet. You can use simple parameters such as adult canine weight prediction to help you design a more sensible diet for your pet so that it will not turn obese and suffer a variety of metabolic disorders like diabetes which is often associated with obesity. More importantly, you will be able to provide a more nutritious, well-balanced meal program for your pet and one that is truly appropriate for its genetic makeup.

Since you now understand what diseases or health conditions may be predisposed to, you can take the necessary steps to prevent the occurrence of such conditions. For instance, if you know that your dog is genetically predisposed to developing canine hip dysplasia or even arthritis, then you can try to circumvent this predisposition by giving your pet appropriate dog joint supplements. These may or may not work in preventing the full course of such abnormalities; however, studies show that supplementation can help lessen or minimize the impact of such conditions on the overall quality of life of your dog. At any rate, the chondroitin, glucosamine, hyaluronic acid, and MSM that you’re giving your pet should strengthen the joints of your pet, minimizing the effects of hip dysplasia and arthritis or any other similar conditions.

You can use the same genetic information to devise of a comprehensive plan for your dog’s oral or dental health as well as immune system integrity and coat skin health. The point is that, armed with this unique understanding of your dog’s fundamental composition, you can devise of more ingenious and more responsible ways to care for them.

• Offers peace of mind knowing the different breeds present in your pet

Not only is having a canine DNA test beneficial for your dog, it’s also beneficial for you. Knowing what to expect from your dog eases the burden of having to think what could be wrong with your mutt if it indeed falls sick one day. At least, now you can prepare for it and this gives you peace of mind. Also, by knowing what breeds are present in your pet, you can now explain their behavior which might be different from other dogs of the ‘same breed’. You will no longer have to ask your neighbor why Fido behaves differently from Brutus even though they look essentially the same.

• Aids in planning for more effective behavior training

As already presented above, understanding the genetic makeup of your dog means you’re also able to explain its otherwise peculiar behavior. This also gives you the opportunity to design specific behavior training and even obedience training programs that are more suited to the breeds that are found in its genes. If your neighbor’s dog took only a few sessions of training before it could already perform a trick with utmost efficiency, don’t expect your dog to be accomplishing the same feat within the same period of time.

There are many other benefits of having your pooch DNA tested. In a way, you are given all the information you need to better care for them.

Related Post: Dog Training Books

Things to Look for in a Pet DNA Testing Kit

There are plenty of canine DNA test kits in the market today. Some claim they’re simply the best while others are more content on providing you with alternative choices. Either way, it is imperative that you try to consider the following things to look for in a DNA testing kit before you make your purchase.

• Accuracy

When someone talks about accuracy, it generally talks about how close a given value is to the ‘real’ value. It usually pertains to the measuring power of the test. For example, if a test is primarily intended to measure a very specific genetic mutation in dogs, then the results should reflect this particular measure. Unfortunately, the only way you could ascertain the accuracy of DNA test kits is through published clinical investigations pitting the identified test kit against controls. It is only through very precise measurements that one can ascertain the accuracy of a particular test. As such, in choosing a kit for your dog’s DNA, it is often wise to look for substantiating studies that point to the accuracy of the tests being conducted by the provider.

• Validity 

Validity basically talks about the integrity of the testing procedure itself or whether the results really do reflect the measure of the parameter being tested. You may get the result you want or expect, but is the process of arriving at this result authoritative enough? The point is, if you get the result, what are the chances that you will be questioning these results? If you believe these results to be the outcome of a really sound process, then it is valid. However, if you are doubtful of the results, then something might really be off. Sadly, this is quite difficult to measure and establish. As such, many would recommend looking at the credibility and trustworthiness of the company that makes the test kit to get an idea whether the results are valid or not. A credible company will always make sure that all of its processes are valid.

• Coverage 

These tests don’t come cheap. As such, since you’re already paying, you might as well demand for the most comprehensive report about your dog’s genetic makeup. Some kits only cover breed identification while others go as far as providing you with a complete health risk profile including a determination of as many genetic markers as possible. One thing you need to understand is that, the more information you get the greater is your understanding of your pet.

• Speed of Delivery of Results 

Some providers can give you the results within 2 to 3 weeks while others may take even longer than that. While you may be anxious about the possible results, it is important to understand that it takes time to conduct hundreds to thousands of tests. If a company promises you a hundred tests and delivers it in 2 weeks’ time, is this a lot better than a company that gives you 1,000 tests and delivers it in the same amount of time? Again, it all boils down to the kind of information that you want to obtain from these tests.

How Accurate is a Dog DNA Test?

One of the most important questions that people often ask about such tests is related to its accuracy. As already mentioned, there really is no way to ascertain how accurate these tests are unless you can gain access to the proprietary technology that many of these manufacturers have. The good thing is that, with a basic understanding of genetics, we can somehow make educated estimates as to the accuracy of these tests.

Since an offspring is essentially the product of 2 reproductive cells, 50 percent of its genetic makeup is provided by dad and the other 50 percent comes from mom. This is your primary level of ancestry. It may look simple enough, but you also have to understand that both mom and dad essentially have dominant and recessive traits which can complicate the whole genetic makeup-thing. This is made even more complicated as you go up the family tree. Father will have 50-50 from his dad and mom and the same is also true with mother. So, the traits of one generation are essentially passed down to the next. As a result, the deeper you go into the family tree the more complicated is the testing done. This requires highly advanced and super-sensitive tests to improve its accuracy.

How Much is a DNA Dog Test Kit?

Gone are the days when getting a DNA test for your dog was prohibitively expensive. Today, you can easily get one from as low as $60 to as high as $200.

Having your dog tested for its DNA gives you a lot of information that you can use to customize your plan of care for your pet. It gives you peace of mind knowing that you’re better prepared to care for your pet than you ever were. With these recommended DNA dog tests, you now have the power to fully understand what your dog is actually telling you.

How to Swab Your Dog with a DNA Test

Taking a sample of your dog’s tissues for genetic determination is relatively easy. While some DNA test kits will have a preferred way of obtaining DNA samples for testing, the process of swabbing tissues from your pooch’s mouth is generally uniform. Here’s how to swab your dog.

• First make sure to inspect your dog’s oral cavity. Check if there is food debris or particles or dirt present in between your pet’s gums and cheek. If your pooch just had its meal, you will need to wait at least 2 hours before swabbing.
• Get your dog DNA test kit and carefully open the packaging. Make sure you have read the instructions carefully so you’ll have an idea of how to proceed. Don’t ever touch the bristles as this may contaminate the sample later on.
• Roll the swab bristles firmly against the inner surface of your pet’s cheek. Depending on the test kit, you can do this for about 15 to 30 seconds just to make sure you get enough cells to be tested.
• Allow the DNA sample to dry naturally for about 5 minutes. Again, avoid touching the bristles. Once 5 minutes are up you can carefully put the DNA swab back right into its storage sleeve.

Sources:

1. Canine DNA Testing - DDC Veterinary
2. The Hidden Benefits of DNA Testing for Dogs - PetMD